Metabasis N. 19
edición digital
peer review
Cada ensayo de la revista es examinado por dos referees anónimos cuiyas observaciónes seran enviadas a l’autor.
Religión, poder y tolerancia
Mayo 2015 - Año X - Número 19
Reflexiones políticas
Guerra, guerriglia e terrorismo: elementi di teoria e prassi della violenza nella politica internazionale
Davide Gianluca Bianchi
DOI: 10.7413/18281567052
Dopo l’11 settembre 2001, la politica internazionale ha conosciuto una escalation di violenza che ha rapidamente messo a tacere le illusioni irenistiche scaturite dalla fine della Guerra fredda. Non si è trattato soltanto di un incremento quantitativo della violenza politica, ma anche di una diversa conformazione qualitativa.
Abstract
This paper defines the concept of war, guerrilla warfare and terrorism, starting from the teachings of the classics of political theory and international relations. At the center of the analysis is the notion of inter-state war collocated in an anarchic political context as is the international system, where the security of the individual actors depends on their ability to protect themselves. Guerrilla warfare is “asymmetric” war carried out by irregular troops, who try to compensate the overwhelming forces of a regular army; terrorism can be defined as a striking action whose psychological effects far outweigh the human and material destruction produced. Looking at current events in the light of these concepts, it is reasonable to speculate whether the birth of ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) might constitute, on closer inspection, the possibility of a re-turn to what we know as classic warfare. The West may move from this consideration in defining its political-military strategy against the jihadist front, after fifteen years of alternation between asymmetric forms of warfare (regular armies versus guerrillas and/or terrorism). A quantum leap with many unknowns, but one cannot exclude that it may favor the technological superiority of the regular armies of Western countries.
La filosofia politica contemporanea e il suo lungo addio. Premesse per un percorso di riflessione
Francesco Giacomantonio
DOI: 10.7413/18281567056
Nonostante costituisca un aspetto su cui non sempre si presta ampia attenzione, ogni disciplina di studio si colloca in contesti storici e sociali che influenzano la sua evoluzione; e probabilmente questa situazione è maggiormente evidente per la filosofia politica tanto più se si considera il rapporto tra pensiero e politica dal Novecento a oggi.
Abstract
The essay develops a short analysis of the evolution of contemporary political philosophy, pointing out how this field of study has abandoned some important elements of his traditional kind of reflection, in consequence of social and cultural transformations of the contemporary age. Considering the main questions of the political reflection along this period, the aim is to identify some critical basic concepts, useful for further researches.
Una crisi totale di civiltà
David Mosseri
DOI: 10.7413/18281567057
Oggi viviamo una crisi totale di civiltà. Una crisi che non è solo economica ma primariamente dell'uomo, una crisi valoriale, politica, sociale, una crisi che investe la persona nella sua essenza, nei suoi fondamenti, nella comprensione del suo ruolo e del suo posto nel mondo.
Abstract
Today we live in a total crisis of civilization. This crisis is not just economic but primarily human, a crisis of political and social values. Ask about this crisis is - we believe - an essential duty of the scholar who can not remain isolated in unproductive metaphysical reflections, it must necessarily «get their hands dirty» to try to understand the causes of this crisis that seems sac because, perhaps, as many believe it this is a crisis of the system, a system - the capitalist - that definitely exceeded more than we should be adapted to contemporary society because it has helped to produce the disorientation of the person, the drugging of consumption that is sweeping.
Religione e razionalità comunicativa. Jürgen Habermas e la “nuova teologia politica”
Salvatore Muscolino
DOI: 10.7413/18281567058
Jürgen Habermas è certamente tra i maggiori filosofi del nostro tempo non solo per la profondità e la vastità della sua produzione ma soprattutto per la straordinaria onestà intellettuale. Dico questo perché, come noto, negli ultimi anni Habermas ha seriamente messo in discussione le sue precedenti opinioni in materia di religione suscitando un vasto dibattito.
Abstract
Jürgen Habermas’ recent work is focused on the relationship between reason and faith in what he suggest that we should name post-secular society. Habermas argues that traditional religions such as Christianity can have semantic contents very useful to uphold a moral motivation in order to contrast the instrumental reason of the globalized markets. I will try to show that these recent developments of Habermas’ theories risk to conflict with some elements of his previous approach. As a consequence, I suggest that we carefully look to the critiques that the catholic theologian J. B. Metz made to Habermas’ previous approach. In fact, I argue that Metz’s proposal of a “New Political Theology”, which is characterized by the concept of anamnestic reason, shows how to overcome, or complete, some limits of the first formulation of the theory of communicative rationality. Nevertheless, Habermas’ recent openness on these topics, even if problematic with his previous approach, stimulates to rethink on the relationship between reason and faith, religion and democracy.
La città: il nostro destino democratico
Emma Palese
DOI: 10.7413/18281567060
Struttura perfettamente concentrica e sette mura con merli di colore diverso, sono le caratteristiche della città mitica di Ecbatana descritta da Erodoto nelle Storie. Sette mura come le sette parti in cui è divisa Zuni: città santa, centro del mondo, con i suoi sette quartieri simbolo della circolarità cosmica e dei movimenti ciclici vitali.
Abstract
This paper suggests looking at the possible future of democracy. In a period in which this concept seems to already be completely eroded, Benjamin Barber submits a convincing solution. From the city and no longer from the state, we could still have a democratic destiny.
Da Locke a Houellebecq. Modernità, antimodernità e postmodernità tra religione e politica
Luca Peloso
DOI: 10.7413/18281567061
Come è noto, la nozione di tolleranza è figlia della modernità; scaturisce dagli avvicendamenti della Storia, a fronte di situazioni inedite, sconosciute al Medioevo: è il frutto del pensiero che si confronta con il cambiamento.
Abstract
Recent terrorist attacks in Paris have revived the debate on the connection between religion and politics; but the subject needs a reflection that goes beyond the urgency of current events, since peoples' destiny and cohabitation depend on the mode of this connection. The aim of my paper is to contribute to the rethinking of the matter, by analyzing the concept of tolerance through two modern classics, Locke and Voltaire, then through Guénon's critical analysis of modern thought, and finally through the remorseless portrait of contemporary human condition in Houellebecq's latest novel Submission. By means of these four different “voices” I intend to reflect on religion and politics in the light of current challenges and European tradition of thought, in order to overcome the perspective of the “clash of civilizations” and to retrieve some fundamental acquisitions from Locke's A Letter Concerning Toleration.
Jonas, Saint-Sernin et la maitrise des systemes techniques
Emmanuel Picavet
DOI: 10.7413/18281567062
Bertrand Saint-Sernin et Hans Jonas ont l’un et l’autre conduit une réflexion exigeante et plusieurs fois reprise sur la technique. Les deux philosophes ont examiné tout particulièrement la transformation que ses dispositifs imposent à notre action et à sa justification, par voie de conséquence aussi à notre liberté.
Abstract
This article develops a comparison of the perspectives of philosophers Hans Jonas and Bertrand Saint-Sernin on the technical destiny of humanity and the associated moral patterns of responsibility. In the eyes of H. Jonas, the magnitude of technology’s challenge is indicated by our responsibility, which depends on our science-based ever-increasing powers. Responsibility is directly correlated with our power and the two authors explain why the consequences of human technology are hardly understandable in terms of endmean relationships. Inevitably, our use of this power is best studied in the framework of a philosophy of freedom; the latter is articulated by B. Saint-Sernin in connection with the common destiny of beings.
Ethics and global justice: are these words too strong?
Fabrizio Sciacca
DOI: 10.7413/18281567064
The main rule of production is that it should aim at maximum profit. Hence, a balance should be struck to ensure that producers obtain maximum profit. This is a rational objective called efficiency. What has ethics got to do with economics? Nothing, since economics and ethics are different ontological objects.
Abstract
The main rule of production is that it should aim at maximum profit. Hence, a balance should be struck to ensure that producers obtain maximum profit. This is a rational objective called efficiency. What has ethics got to do with economics?
Horizontes filosóficos
Per un’eziologia dell’età contemporanea
Emanuela Civilini
DOI: 10.7413/18281567054
All’inizio dell’età moderna il progetto di un dominio assoluto sulle cose del mondo, grazie all’uso delle scienze, era limitato a pochi uomini che avevano la capacità di interpretare e utilizzare i risultati che le scienze stesse offrivano; tuttavia con la diffusione, l’applicazione e la possibilità di utilizzo di questi risultati tecnologici da parte di masse sempre più vaste e impreparate a tali scoperte, si è caduti nell’errore di mettere in scena uno spettacolo della vita e del mondo, in cui gli attori stessi sono ignari di esserlo.
Abstract
As a matrix of the machine culture and technology, Europe, as we know it today, is the highest form of desire to deny his past. Europe leads to the disappearance the great traditions of our culture that has made us caput mundi and let rise, in place of that, the age of the simulacrum, the “inauthentic”, the virtual, where everything is possible. And yet, “this past is the secret of our present”.
Epistemologia moderna e bene comune: dal relativismo culturale alla democrazia sussidiaria
Paolo Musso
DOI: 10.7413/18281567059
A prima vista potrebbe sembrare che con la politica l’epistemologia c’entri poco o nulla. In realtà essa ha a che vedere (e molto) con la nascita di quello che è probabilmente il problema fondamentale della filosofia politica contemporanea, il relativismo culturale.
Abstract
Although this is not usually recognized, modern epistemology, especially in the version of Thomas Kuhn, has provided the conceptual basis of modern cultural relativism. So, an analysis of its paradoxical history can help us to better understand this problem, which is crucial for our democracies, and to find a possible solution, which does not consist in an abstract “dialogue among cultures” aimed to find inexistent “common values”, but in the concrete collaboration among existent people committed to construct social structures in-spired to different values but aimed to contribute to the common good in a subsidiary way.
L’imaginaire et l’hypostasie de la communication
Ana Taís Martins Portanova Barros
DOI: 10.7413/18281567065
La spécialisation nous a apporté de nouvelles faiblesses et de nouvelles professions. Pour qui a mal à l’estomac, un gastro-entérologue ; pour qui ne sait pas faire ses courses, un personal shopper (Acheteur personnel) ; pour les femmes ayant une cystite, un uro-gynécologiste ; pour qui ne sait pas s’habiller, un personal stylist (styliste personnel) ; pour qui ne connaît rien aux technologies de la communication, un personal nerd (as informatique personnel) ; pour l’humanité déconnectée du sacré et des rites, les techniciens de l’imaginaire.
Abstract
This paper aims to review the definitions and vagueness of the concept of imaginary and symbolic, and to relate its limits and its reach within the research in Communication. The difficulties of the approach in Communication to a notion of course of the sense are addressed. Inherited from the School of Grenoble, this notion underlies the theory of the imaginary. Communication is here considered to be insufficient for the study of the catalysis of imaginaries and the production of symbolic images which are present in communication phenomena. This is due not only to the inadequacy of a process that is described in terms of sender-message-receiver, but especially to the self-evidence of imaginary and symbolic, as expressed in the language, resulting in a reduction of the imaginary to its social symptoms.
La politica tra realtà e rappresentazione. Sapere poetico e filosofia pratica in Aristotele
Giangiacomo Vale
DOI: 10.7413/18281567066
Considerata nel suo complesso, la riflessione etico-politica aristotelica si caratterizza per la sua impronta mondana e antimetafisica, collocandosi pienamente all’interno di una prospettiva realistica ed empirica contrapposta all’idealismo della metafisica platonica. L’atteggiamento realistico e antimetafisico nell’ambito etico e politico della riflessione aristotelica ricalca un atteggiamento altrettanto realistico ed empirico di Aristotele nell’ambito della teoria poetica.
Abstract
According to Aristotle, Poetryt is a cognitive activity as it permits an almost philosophical understanding of the human events in their possibility and probability: it expresses human acting and interacting in its universality. Giving poetry a cognitive power and considering it as a knowledge, leads to attribute to the “poetical knowledge” a founder nature, and therefore a role of hermeneutical guide and normative knowledge
Caminos temáticos
Civitas e architettura della città. L’ordine urbano ‘governato’ da tempo forma e immagine
Daniela Cardone
DOI: 10.7413/18281567053
Se per un verso la storia dell’urbanistica ci ha insegnato che le funzioni della vita (di una città) non sono e non possono essere adattate a quelle di uno schema intellettuale, ma a quello naturale, per un altro è vero che l’analisi formale di una città e della sua comunità abitativa, non possono prescindere dal considerare ch’essa sia comunque il risultato di una costruzione, di un plesso impiantato in un determinato spazio, e che quello spazio sia il cumulo di stratificazioni e sedimenti storici.
Abstract
It’s possible to think of a connotative and metaphorical relationship between urban space and power or justice, so that urban planning and law speak languages translatable into their mechanisms of rationality. For each architectural order we have a parallel and institutional order, first of all, but also geometries, dimensions, which are comparable to the idea of citizenship.
Geometry, complexity, contradiction, form and structure are therefore the elements that support the relationship between urbs and civitas, on which they operate the image and the time, because both are real and unreal, such as a stage set architecture (the film for example ) that belongs as much to the real and unreal context.
L’anima mitica del duende in Federico García Lorca
Luisella Ferrario
DOI: 10.7413/18281567055
Buenos Aires, 20 ottobre 1933. All’interno del salone della Sociedad de los Amigos del Arte, Federico García Lorca legge per la prima volta, di sua voce, Juego y teoría del duende. Il breve scritto in prosa del poeta andaluso desta, da subito, grande curiosità. Tanto che la lettura viene riproposta, a breve, in tre altre occasioni. Sul finire della Edad de la Plata torna così a circolare – non solo all’interno del triangolo geografico sudamericano – un termine antico: duende.
Abstract
In 1933 Federico García Lorca gave a lecture in Buenos Aires, entitled Juego y teoría del duende. What is duende? Duende is the hardest word in Spanish to translate into languages other than Mother tongue.
This study aims to investigate the relationships between the etymology of duende and characters of Greek and Roman mythology. We start analyzing the short note of Nebrija emphasized by Corominas in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. Then we look at the definition by Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española, written by Sebastián de Covarrubias in 1611. The etymology of a word refers to its origin, historical development and ample symbolic meaning. So we interpret Lorca’s vision of duende through Jungian analytical psychology. Duende comes from inside, is a dark creative force, a physical emotion, an artistic expression. Lorca said that flamenco dancers, gypsy song, bullfight “have duende” because in them death and life live together side by side. In fact Duende is an expression of totality.
All the arts (painting, sculpture, music, dance…), especially in Spain, are listening to the voices of the unconscious. For them death and blood aren’t no problem, contrary to much contemporary Western culture.
L’atto gratuito gidiano nella «Religione dell’inquietudine» di Enea Balmas
Carmen Saggiomo
DOI: 10.7413/18281567063
Nel 1960, Enea Balmas pubblica un libro assai originale intitolato Situazioni e profili. Lo studioso raccoglie nel volume cinque saggi autonomi dedicati rispettivamente a André Gide, Jean-Paul Sartre, Marcel Jouhandeau, Julien Gracq e Albert Camus e opera una sagace ricostruzione della linea evolutiva della letteratura del Novecento, dapprima individuando le peculiarità dell’ambiente francese e successivamente illustrando gli influssi che essa ha esercitato sulla cultura dell’intero Occidente .
Abstract
In his analysis of Gide’s opus and its representation of the gratuitous act, Enea Balmas overturns previous, traditional interpretations. According to Balmas, Gide’s novels constitute an actual palinode; a recantation in which Gide admits to having discovered that the essence of the gratuitous act is homicide. In this light, Balmas carries out a rigorous analysis of the idea of freedom in André Gide, along with a re-reading of his philosophical meditations on this same idea. The investigation leads Balmas to detect what he defines as a “religion of inquietude” in Gide.
Metabasis N. 19
edición digital
peer review
Cada ensayo de la revista es examinado por dos referees anónimos cuiyas observaciónes seran enviadas a l’autor.
