Metabasis N. 14
in edizione digitale
peer review
Ogni saggio della rivista viene valutato da due referees in forma anonima e i loro commenti inviati all’autore.
Frammenti 2
Novembre 2012 - Anno VII - Numero 14
Orizzonti filosofici
Sul transgender o dell’archetipo androgino post-moderno
Riflessioni e paradigmi simbolici per un’ermeneutica dell’esperienza corporea contemporanea
Alessio Berto
Se dovessimo gettare uno sguardo sul presente per comprendere la direzione in cui a partire dalla seconda metà del XX secolo le differenti identità che popolano questo universo plurale si stanno muovendo ci troveremmo irrimediabilmente spersi all’interno di un sistema reticolare le cui maglie si intrecciano fino a fondersi in quella che potremmo definire con Zygmunt Bauman una realtà «liquida».
Abstract
This paper present, under a symbolic interpretation of the transgender’s figure, a short analysis of archetypical elements that contribute the development of this bioethic phenomenon in the contemporary society. Social transformations, as well as cultural disease and a lonely living way of life provided by technology, spread out of the collective inconscious the power of archetypal elements, such as androgynous one, that find their hypostatization on the individual body. The research of the other and a strong need to contact with the outside in order to prove and impose himself will in the community – considering the lonely situation and the impossibility to proceed – leave the subject in a state of confusion that find his signification through the creation of a new human body concept.
Fin de la décolonisation et printemps arabe
Francesco Caddeo
La décolonisation a représenté une étape charnière de l’histoire du vingtième siècle: même si on regarde l’irréversibilité du processus, la nécessité de la justice qui était à la base des mouvements de libération, les intellectuels qui se sont courageusement engagés, on doit admettre que cette transformation a, en majeure partie, abouti à un échec.
Abstract
In front of a wave of riots called “Arab Spring”, that is renovating many regimes of Northern Africa and of Middle East, we can now reconsider the whole process of decolonization: the hopeful season of independence from colonial power is finished and it has produced just some authoritarian brutal political systems. Today, we can find also many roots of the new opened era in the Islamic Iranian revolution of 1978-1979: this will be moreover the occasion to read some writings by Michal Foucault and Jean-Paul Sartre and to be helped by them in analyzing riot’s forces.
Quine e l’epistemologia naturalizzata
Juan Canseco
L’espressione “epistemologia naturalizzata” trae la sua origine dall’articolo di Quine intitolato “Epistemology Naturalised” (1969). Quine non offre nel suo articolo una definizione esplicita di cosa intende esattamente, ma appare chiaro che desideri invocare l’evidenza della scienza naturale in un modo che risulta nuovo per l’epistemologia.
Abstract
The foundationalist position in epistemology is unsatisfactory. A coherentist approach seems more promising, but coherentism is often thought to imply that epistemology as traditionally conceived needs to be replaced by a revised or improved version, usually called naturalised epistemology. Quine in particular has argued for this claim. In this article we address the questions of what naturalised epistemology is, whether it is significantly different from traditional epistemology, whether it is indeed implied by coherentism, and analyse some of its merits and weaknesses.
Wolfram ou l’eloge du gribouillage
Antimo Cesaro
Trois chemins d’écolier est un roman bref et suggestif écrit par Ernst Jünger, à l’époque nonagénaire, dans lequel sont racontées les vicissitudes d’un enfant, Wolfram, et son rapport difficile avec l’institution scolaire.
Abstract
The essay aims to investigate the new forms of knowledge circulation, in which the paidèia of the TV screen, the ipse-dixit of the Internet and a merely functional management of educational institutions are now playing an increasingly relevant role. Therefore, a critic to value judgments is here proposed, which, taking advantage of statistical and quantitative data (product and consequence of a culture massification process), outline a utopian Republic of Arts, completely self-referential, that does not correspond to the real country. In contrast with a knowledge that, far from being learned, needs certification instead, a necessary return to enkyklios paideia is here envisaged, that is complete, integral, human education.
L’eterna questione della conoscenza
Emanuela Civilini
È, dunque, è questo l’uomo? Atomi di carbonio che possiedono una coscienza nati all’interno di alcune stelle? O forse si tratta di uno strano animale, curioso, al quale è cresciuto un po’ troppo il cervello, che vuole capire anche ciò che non si può capire?
Abstract
The human being is not only a curious, intelligent, sophisticated and rebel creature, but he is also a creature willing to interact with other men: as a matter of fact, it is a key issue to the development of knowledge for any human being talking about himself and his thoughts. In fact, human being as a social creature has grown and developed hand in hand with the language, which is – besides a form of communication - also the way for him to get to the awareness of his being by giving voice to his emotions and his representations of the world.
La via critica della cura tra Jan Patočka e Michel Foucault
Caterina Croce
Nel suo ultimo corso al Collège de France, da poco pubblicato anche in Italia, Michel Foucault, elaborando le proprie considerazioni sull’arte antica della cura di sé, menziona le ricerche che il fenomenologo cecoslovacco Jan Patočka svolse sul concetto di epimeleia tes psyches (cura dell’anima).
Abstract
According to this paper, the notion of the care of the soul developed by Jan Patočka resonates with Foucault’s notion of care of the self. The two views appear to share an ethos, that is the very ethos that Foucault recognizes as the mean feature of modern critical thought. Even though they refer to two different objects – the soul in the case of Patočka, and the self in the case of Foucault – both authors describe a practice of care which encourages a critical attitude towards the present and objectivity. Their aim is to question the “taken for granted” and to shake evidence.
The researches around the theme of the care allow Patočka and Foucault to investigate European history and the genealogy of modern subjectivity. This analysis leads both the authors to problematize the “subject that we are” and redefines ethics as a practice of freedom that has self-transformation at its core.
Codici analitici e codici simbolici. Fra Kelsen e Schmitt: il positivismo giuridico come paradosso epistemologico
Giuseppe Limone
Nel confrontarsi col problema del diritto e delle istituzioni sociali – guardati dal punto di vista della loro capacità vincolativa, della loro semantica e della loro legittimazione – è forse possibile, oggi, sperimentare codici critici nuovi.
Abstract
It is now possible to represent political, law and justice according to a symbolic and an analytical aspect. What can be discovered is that Kelsen’s legal positivism hides a paradoxical logical status that, while fighting against Schmitt’s existential power in the name of the legal system, fights simultaneously against the natural juridical order in the name the legal order. While calling the power of the positive legal system against the natural law, Kelsen invokes the principle of reason against the existential political power.
Il sacramento del potere: giuramento e modernità. La giustificazione meta-politica della sacralità del potere tra desacralizzazione trascendentale e risacralizzazione statuale
Marco Mantovani
Nella nostra epoca si sta verificando una transizione-trasformazione nella quale la vita collettiva viene vissuta senza il vincolo solenne e totale del giuramento, «sacralmente ancorato, di appartenenza ad un corpo politico»…
Abstract
Proceeding from Hobbes’ authoritarian sacralization and Kant’s trascendental desacralization up to Schmitt’s state resacralization, inquiring the developement of the istitution of the oath in western society allows to retrieve the cultural changes in the relationship between power and sacred and therefore lets emerge how in this process a conflict between the inner trial of conscience and the public trial of law is displayed, unvealing the meta-political justification of political power as a main issue in modernity.
Dal fuso di Lachesi a un chip sottopelle. Scegliere ai nostri giorni
Emma Palese
Un filo bianco intrecciato a uno d’oro per i giorni felici e un filo nero per quelli nefasti: così la Parca Lachesi tesse le sorti della vita di ognuno di noi.
Abstract
Starting from the platonic myth of Er, this paper aims to explain the sense of choice in our contemporary world. If today the smartphone is the most used tool, in the future we will soon benefit from a chip under skin which could delegate our choices. It is a piece of technology that is not only inspired by biology to create robots, but could also change our life. Taking cue from the research of the Institute of Neuroinformatics of Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and University of Zürich, this article is meant to highlight that the contemporary individual is gradually abandoning his own freedom of choice: the principle of moral responsibility, and – consequently – sign of humanity.
Percorsi tematici
La relazione speculare tra identità e alterità: dialogo e riconoscimento tra riflessi e ombre.
Stefania Leone
Potendo vedere il mondo ma non se stesso, per percepire la propria immagine l’individuo deve necessariamente ricorrere a mezzi che siano capaci di rivelarlo. Lo specchio come oggetto fisico è uno degli strumenti di scoperta e di conoscenza di se stessi.
Abstract
Within social and relational perspectives, identity is mainly related to the experience of Alter. This essay proposes a reinterpretation of the identity-alterity relationship through the mirror key. Particularly, building on the philosophical hermeutics which conceptualizes dialogue and social relationships as a real and transformative experience, it views contact and exchange as conditions for mutual recognition and identity-building.
Frances A. Yates e l’arte della memoria fra classicità e rinascimento
Luca G. Manenti
Frances Amelia Yates (Southsea, Hampshire 1899 - Londra 1981) va annoverata tra i primi studiosi a mettere in luce l’importanza della tradizione ermetica ed esoterica nella cultura moderna.
Abstract
This paper analyses F. A. Yates's The Art of Memory, first published in 1966. From Greek and Roman antiquity, through the Middle Age, to Renaissance, the art of memory evolved from a technique for remembering into a magic and occult art. With a deep influence in European culture, the art of memory built the bases of the future scientific method, playing an important role in the construction of Modernity.
Da Lilliput a d’Annunzio: percorsi di un ‘Agonista’ accademico
Luigi Mastrangelo
La bibliografia di Luciano Russi dedicata allo sport è composta da oltre settanta titoli, dagli articoli giornalistici ai saggi scientifici, che comprendono sia interventi in riviste prestigiose, sia pubblicazioni monografiche.
Abstract
The bibliography of Luciano Russi, professor of the History of Political Thought and rector of the University of Teramo 1994 to 2005 dedicated to the sport, is made up of over seventy titles, from newspaper articles and monographs. The three works in volume represent the most significant moments of his intellectual reflection on the sporting phenomenon, which has been, for many years, also the protagonist, as a player and manager: 1) Lilliput is safe. The Castel di Sangro and the game of professional football, 2) The democracy of competitive, subtitle Sport secularism to globalization; 3) The Agonist. Gabriele d’ Annunzio and sport.
The article analyzes the contents of the three volumes, which highlights the deep values of sport in the political, social and cultural.
Femminile e iniziazione alle origini dell’Indeuropa
Erika Notti
Caratteristica distintiva del genere umano, sin dalla sua prima apparizione in epoca preistorica, è quella di raccogliersi in sistemi di organizzazione fondati su relazioni interne biologicamente, socialmente e culturalmente stabilite.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate various aspects of the “Feminine” status - such as the ambiguity, duplicity, transpersonal and transfunctional status of female characters and their relation to life and death - from the cultural and mythical context of the Aegean to the origins of the Indo-European Cultures. Special attention is attributed to the figure(s) of Erinys.
Valentino Gerratana traduttore di Rousseau
Carmen Saggiomo
La prima traduzione del Contratto sociale realizzata da Valentino Gerratana per Giulio Einaudi Editore porta la data del 25 aprile 1945. Il Contratto sociale di Rousseau fu dunque pubblicato lo stesso giorno in cui l’Italia veniva liberata dalla dittatura fascista.
Abstract
The first translation of The Social Contract done by Valentino Gerratana for Giulio Einaudi Editore dated April 25, 1945. The Social Contract of Rousseau was then published on the same day Italy was liberated from the fascist dictatorship. Valentino Gerratana translating commitment followed in the footsteps of what he had learned, among others, from Antonio Gramsci’s idea and purpose of a literary translation, understood as a political act of transferring a text into a popular culture. It is very instructive today to reconstruct the biographical events within which Gerratana’s inspiration came up, between the reading of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and that of Antonio Gramsci.
Riflessioni politiche
Cittadinanza e rappresentanza politica nei dibattiti di Putney (1647)
Davide Gianluca Bianchi
Ciò che rende i Dibattiti di Putney forse unici nel loro genere è proprio il fatto d’essere la trascrizione ad opera dello scrupoloso “segretario” William Clarke – di cui ovviamente è molto difficile stabilire il grado d’autenticità – di alcuni confronti di idee che sono avvenuti all’interno dei reparti militari cromwelliani, i quali intervallavano il combattimento alla libera discussione sulle istituzioni future da dare al paese, come si muovessero sulla scena di una rappresentazione teatrale…
Abstract
Maybe Putney debates are the first discussion on democracy – open to the citizens – in early modern age. Inside Oliver Cromwell’s New model army, for three day long at the end of 1647, officers and soldiers talk about citizenship and political representation: all people could have the right to vote, whatever they are poor or rich, or franchise is only for those who have «a permanent fixed interest in [the] kingdom»? Putney debates are the confirm that Puritanism has been a “school of democracy”, likely able to make British democracy stronger in the present time too.
I templi a pozzo della Sardegna nuragica – un percorso di analisi simbolica
Cristina Cattaneo
Cos’hanno in comune «i conventi delle monache, un pozzo profondo, una relazione in cui intendiamo coltivare un albero sacro, una tomba chiusa, la camera degli amanti, lo studio del filosofo, il recipiente degli alchimisti»?
Abstract
The well temples of Nuragic age are a good entry point to the symbolic world of ancient civilizations. This paper adresses the symbolic image of the well and the function regenerative and curative of the waters. We can found them as in the most ancient myths, but it is still present in our imaginary psychic. The well is also a journey of descent into the bowels of the earth, which recalls the descent into oneself and the confrontation with the unconscious and the shadows, but it is also symbol of sacredness, fertility and regenerative power of the feminine.
«Correggere» o «frenare» gli uomini? Natura umana e artificio politico in Machiavelli
Roberto Gatti
Machiavelli segna già, alle soglie della modernità, i due percorsi che condurranno alla frattura con la precedente tradizione aristotelica e tomista. Questi due percorsi sono profondamente diversi, ma convivono – non senza contraddizione – nel suo pensiero.
Abstract
Machiavelli is usually considered the founder of political science or of politics as such. He would provide politics with its autonomy, recognizing its distinguishing features as opposed to other activities it has been traditionally confused with. This is a widely hegemonic interpretation, and by now almost removed from any objection. In his contribution, Roberto Gatti suggests that we reconsider this reading, trying to justify a view on Machiavelli as a critic of modernity.
Attualità de “L’Ordre Nouveau”
David Mosseri
«Tradizionalisti ma non conservatori, realisti ma non opportunisti, rivoluzionari ma non insubordinati, costruttori e non distruttori, né bellicisti né pacifisti, patrioti ma non nazionalisti, socialisti ma non materialisti, personalisti ma non anarchici, umani ma non umanitari».
Abstract
In the dark years of undisputed sway of nationalism around the journal L’Ordre nouveau, published in Paris from 1931 to 1938, he formed a group federalist, who continued to be active even after the war, particularly in France, whose leaders were the most representative Robert Aron and Arnaud Dandieu, Alexandre Marc and Denis de Rougemont. They worked out a conception of “integral”, i.e. not only institutional, but also economic, social and philosophical federalism. The integral federalism is presented as a comprehensive response to the problems of our time and is based on an overall judgment on the contemporary world: the global crisis of our civilization. This means that all the institutions that govern our society are outdated and are not adequate to a reality, like the actual world in rapid transformation. We believe that the reflections of these thinkers are very timely in relation to today’s economic, politics and morality crisis of our society.
I giovani, i “carichi di salto” e l’ambizione: la competizione politica nella cultura repubblicana italiana nella prima età moderna
Paolo C. Pissavino
Governo della Republica. Donna simile a Minerva; nella destra mano tiene un ramo d’olivo, col braccio sinistro uno scudo, e nella medesima mano un dardo, e con un morione in capo. Il portamento simile a quello di Minerva ci dimostra che la sapienza è il principio del buon reggimento.
Abstract
The essay aims to offering a first analysis focused on the role of the young and the ambition in the political competition illustrated by several republican authors during the XVIth and the XVIIth centuries (Niccolò Machiavelli, Traiano Boccalini, Lodovico Zuccolo, Tommaso Roccabella, psuedo Paolo Sarpi, Ansaldo Cebà). Moreover, this study is meant to reconsider some other conditions (wealth, for instance) required by the statesman in the Italian Republics.
La politica tra in-differenza della specie e irrilevanza d’alterità
Fiammetta Ricci
Quale linea di taglio consente di definire le ambivalenze e le antinomie della attuale democrazia all’interno di una politica cosiddetta globale?
Abstract
Contemporary political and ethical horizon shows the signs of the loss of Difference as anthropological di-mension and basic category of the right/duty to Equality and to recognition of identities. This is leading to a politics of in-difference and in-differentiation. Ethically and politically an indifferent individual will ignore the problem of Difference up to consider irrelevant the matter of Alterity. On the contrary an individual strongly involved in a claim for Equality will often be answered just by bureaucracy and by a massifyng culture that removed the matter of Alterity as a person to face and to live with.
Metabasis N. 14
in edizione digitale
peer review
Ogni saggio della rivista viene valutato da due referees in forma anonima e i loro commenti inviati all’autore.
