Metabasis N. 29
Digital Edition
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Wird jeder Essay von 2 Referees anonym bewertet und ihre Kommentare werden dem Autor des Essays zurückgeschickt.
Technologische Imaginäre und politische Systeme 2
Mai 2020 - Jahr XV - Heft 29
Politische Überlegungen
Biopower and the Health Emergency
Paolo Bellini
DOI: 10.7413/18281567170
We are currently witnessing a new, unprecedented phenomenon for generations who were born after the Second World War, id est a global health crisis generated by the incipient pandemic known as Covid-19, triggered by a previously-unknown coronavirus. Beyond any medical or sanitary consideration, it seems interesting to analyse the imaginary of this new emergency and the consequences it has on a political and cultural level.
Abstract
This short essay aims to analyze the imaginary of the new health emergency (Covid-19) and the power relationships revealed by it. Such an unprecedented state of exception leads to the surfacing of a secularised symbolism based on the concepts of dread and redemption, as an expression of new forms of command and obedience typical of biopower and its distinctive production of consent.
La genealogia del concetto di sicurezza nell’analisi di Michel Foucault
Sergio A. Dagradi
DOI: 10.7413/18281567162
Il presente scritto vuole offrire alcuni elementi interpretativi per leggere, da una prospettiva straniante, il delirio securitario dei nostri giorni. In particolare cercherà di cogliere la genealogia del concetto di sicurezza nel quadro dell’analisi del potere, e in particolare delle forme di potere della nostra contemporaneità (vale a dire a partire dal XVII secolo), condotta da Michel Foucault nei suoi scritti.
Abstract
Following the development of Michel Foucault’s thought, the essay aims to emphasize how the urgent and current problem of security actually emerges as a constituent device correlated to the decline of the new art of modern government, defined by Foucault himself as governmentality, what biopolitical power.
Le mythe du Golem et la technique
Mara Magda Maftei
DOI: 10.7413/18281567168
Quel est le rapport entre le désir, depuis toujours, de l’homme de créer un être artificiel, qui lui ressemble, qui l’assiste dans son travail, et la technique ? D’après le philosophe allemand Ernst Kapp, qui définit la philosophie de la technique en 1877, dans Principes d’une philosophie de la technique, l’homme « dans tout ce qu’il pense et dans tout ce qu’il fait, ne peut – sauf à se renier lui-même – partir que de soi-même, du soi pensant et agissant »
Abstract
This paper deals with the role of technology in the process of hominization, robotization (the industrial revolution) of human beings, their dehumanization (the two World Wars, Nazism, the Shoah, the nuclear bomb) and its standardization (cybernetics) through the myth of the Golem, important for the study on the transformation suffered by human beings. The artificial creature that the myth conveys is reactivated by the relationship of otherness that human being maintains with the machine and with algorithms. The myth-cybernetics relation is attested by Norbert Wiener who takes the Golem myth as archetype in his work published in 1964, God and Golem, Inc. The myth involves the imagination of the human being while cybernetics proposes to put into shape shape systems imagined by human beings. The purpose of my ape ris to analyze the importance of the Golem myth, to question Wiener’s use of the Golem myth, to study the approaches between the Golem myth and the industrial machine of the Third Reich and to show that ultimately the modern Golem regulates human beings through algorithms and standards.
Per un’immaginazione politica nell’era digitale. Populismo e crisi della democrazia liberale
Natascia Mattucci
DOI: 10.7413/18281567173
La seconda metà del Novecento è stata connotata, soprattutto nell’Europa occidentale, da una progressiva affermazione di democrazie costituzionali di chiara ascendenza liberale a spese dei regimi totalitari. La fine della guerra fredda e lo sgretolarsi dei regimi comunisti hanno sancito un’aspirazione sempre più generalizzata a un modello di società rivelatosi privo di rivali ideologicamente significativi su scala globale. È questa la constatazione da cui muove Tzvetan Todorov per avviare una riflessione sulla minaccia tutta interna alle democrazie moderne liberali quale tratto caratteristico del XXI secolo.
Abstract
The triumph of liberal democracy coincides with its progressive vulnerability, visible in the economic and social inequalities, in the global expansion of populist language and communication. This paper explores some causes, reflecting on the impact of the digital revolution on human beings. In fact, the breathlessness of liberal democracies is the mirror of a lack of perspective, especially political, that even individuals are experiencing in the digital age. To see and feel in perspective and depth, when everything is lost in the details, in the shower of images and information, the individual must do exercises of political imagination. Without imagination, politics loses the ability to observe reality from different points of view.
Philosophische Aussichten
Christian Wolff e il dilemma di Lazzaro. Ragione, volontà e origine del male morale nel giusnaturalismo wolffiano.
Gianluca Dioni
DOI: 10.7413/18281567171
Prendendo in esame la facoltà appetitiva dell’anima umana ed il suo rapporto con la facultas cognoscendi, il saggio intende analizzare la dinamica del processo deliberativo nella psicologia di Christian Wolff, nel tentativo di ricostruire l’origine del male e la natura della libertà, che caratterizza l’azione morale nel sistema pratico elaborato dal filosofo slesiano.
Abstract
This essay analyses the dynamics of deliberative process in Christian Wolff’s psychology, in order to rebuild the origins of evil and the nature of freedom, which characterizes the moral action in the Silesian philosopher’s practical system. The heuristic parabola starts from the exam of the concept of percepturitio, then it studies the dialectic between voluptas, perfectio, good and evil. Finally, after having analysed the sensitive appetite and the affections, it comes to outline the nature of will and its freedom.
Legittimità, protezione, obbedienza. Spunti critici di riflessione a partire dal lavoro.
Luca Gasbarro
DOI: 10.7413/18281567166
La crisi dell’homo oeconomicus risulta chiara a tutti. D’altronde, è ormai noto, come il capitalismo del nostro tempo si prefiguri quale paradigma di interpretazione della realtà. Ecco, quindi, che l’esigenza da raccogliere e, allo stesso tempo, da rilanciare, appare intimamente legata al tentativo di approfondire le linee portanti di tale fenomeno. In questo senso, potrebbe risultare stimolante proporre, sul tavolo della discussione, uno sforzo critico-valutativo utile a delinearne una visione alternativa.
Abstract
This essay aims to analyze the relationship between legitimacy, protection and obedience. This relationship is due to an increasing and pervasive expansion of the economic crisis that has significantly changed the relationship between state and citizen.
Is Democracy necessary for Human Rights?
Eric Heinze
DOI: 10.7413/18281567172
Like Flaubert's 'Charbovary', Western Europeans often use the phrase 'democracy and human rights' as if it were a single word. On closer inspection, however, one could argue that the two ideas share little in common.
Abstract
This paper first appeared in 2018 on This Century’s Review; considered both the importance and the relevance of the themes presented in this writing we agreed with the author to republish it in our journal. The original publication can be found with this bibliographical reference: Eric Heinze (2018) “Is democracy necessary for human rights?”, This Century’s Review, Journal for rational legal debate, 1, 13 – 17.
Dalla fisiognomica alla frenologia. I signa della moralità femminile nell’immaginario sociale del XIX secolo.
Federica Rauso
DOI: 10.7413/18281567164
“Che espressione di bontà, che aria di disinvoltura, che occhi furbi, che faccia austera, sogliamo dire anche a prima giunta nel guardare in volto ai nostri simili, nell’udirli parlare, nel trattare con essi.”
Nell’Introduzione all’Esame sui fondamenti volgari e scientifici della frenologia, Michele Parma così esemplifica quell’innato impulso di esprimere apprezzamenti sulle altrui qualità interiori che fu alla base della ricerca di un’armonia tra visibile e invisibile, physique et moral, condotta dai frenologi a cavallo tra Sette e Ottocento.
Abstract
Phrenology, founded by Franz Joseph Gall in the last decades of the eighteenth century, presented itself to the scientific and cultural panorama of the first half of the nineteenth century as a science able to reveal the natural individual inclinations, located in the brain, through the observation of the cranial morphology. On the premise of a correspondence between behavior, trends, inclinations and somatic characteristics, the phrenologists, as heirs of the most ancient physiognomic tradition, claimed the need for the application of the organological science to every area of knowledge, from the criminal law to social and pedagogical sciences. In particular, overlapping aesthetics, ethics and medicine, the phrenological paradigm imposed itself as useful tool for the moral control of female deviance in order to repress those innate tendencies considered capable of distancing women from the parameter of morality.
L’odio degli altri: una prospettiva filosofico-politica.
Maria Rosaria Vitale
DOI: 10.7413/18281567175
Forse questi sono tempi d’odio. La riflessione proposta muove dal dibattito – multidisciplinare – sullo hate speech, con una specificazione metodologica filosofico-politica. Si fa qui riferimento a quella tipologia di espressione “insultante, degradante, infamante, stereotipante in negativo, o che incita all’odio, alla discriminazione, o alla violenza contro individui in virtù della loro razza, etnicità, nazionalità, religione, orientamento sessuale, disabilità, identità di genere”.
Abstract
This paper aims at analyzing the concept of hate through a political-philosophical lens. The case study shows a kind of hatred which is not directed towards individuals because of their ascriptive characteristics. Although, the State also seems to hate in a different but more customary way. Two concepts are thus explored through their theoretical implications in terms of exclusion and responsibility.
Metabasis N. 29
Digital Edition
peer review
Wird jeder Essay von 2 Referees anonym bewertet und ihre Kommentare werden dem Autor des Essays zurückgeschickt.
